Safety

This lecture lays out the framework for discussing NIBS effects in the context of safety. Specifically, the primary (intended) and secondary effects are distinguished, with a further classification of secondary effects as related, suspected, or unrelated to the stimulation. The commonly reported secondary effects of the different NIBS techniques are discussed within the aforementioned framework. The goal of this lecture is to illustrate what constitutes a secondary effect, and enable students to identify adverse events.

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to classify the various secondary physiological effects of NIBS, critically appraise those effects which represent a safety concern, or confound research outcomes.